ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the prevalence and trend of dental fluorosis of 7-14 years old children in 134 Regiment,8 Division,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,and to evaluate the effectiveness of water improvement and fluoride control measures.Methods From 2010 to 2017,using cross-sectional survey,six water allocation places were selected from 134 Regiment,8 Division,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,and the fluoride content was determined.Children of 7-14 years old in 2 central primary schools were investigated,and dental fluorosis was examined.Taking 2017 as the benchmark,children born before water improvement were 11-14 years old,children born after water improvement were 7-10 years old.Water fluoride was detected via the ion-selective electrode method.Diagnosis of dental fluorosis was based on the standard of "Dental Fluorosis Diagnosis" (WS/T 208-2011).The detection rate of dental fluorosis was compared by x2 test,and rank sum test was used to compare the severity of the disease.Results A comprehensive water improvement and fluoride reduction project was completed in 134 Regiment,8 Division,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in 2007.The detection rate of dental fluorosis in children born before water improvement was 2.65 times higher than that of children born after water improvement [14.43％ (101/700) vs 5.44％ (33/607),X2 =28.567,P ＜ 0.01].The dental fluorosis index of children born before water improvement was also higher than that of children born after water improvement (0.33 vs 0.11).According to age standardization (based on 2017),there was a significant difference in the detection rate of dental fluorosis among children in different years (x2 =351.300,P ＜ 0.01).The detection rate of dental fluorosis in children decreased from 35.26％ in 2010 to 10.25％ in 2017.There was a statistically significant difference in the severity of dental fluorosis in children of different years (H =954.033,P ＜ 0.01).The dental fluorosis index of children decreased from 0.71 in 2010 to 0.23 in 2017,and the disease changed from extremely mild fluorosis epidemic to non-fluorosis epidemic.Conclusion After effective water improvement in 134 Regiment,8 Division,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children in the disease affected areas has decreased significantly,the effect of defluoridation project is significant.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effect of sevoflurane preconditioning on the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) during renal ischemia-reperfusion in rats.Methods Twenty-four pathogen-free healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 250-300 g,aged 2-3 months,were divided into 3 groups (n=8 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),renal I/R group (group I/R) and sevoflurane preconditioning group (group SP).The animals were anesthetized with 2％ pentobarbital sodium 50 mg/kg.After the right kidney was removed,the left renal artery was clamped for 45 min followed by 2 h reperfusion to establish the model of renal I/R injury.In group SP,2.2％ sevoflurane was inhaled for 1 h followed by 10-min washout before the model was established.The animals were sacrificed at the end of rcpcrfusion,and kidneys were then removed for determination of the expression of HSP70 (by immunohistochemistry) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in renal tissues (by thiobarbituric acid colorimetric method).Results Compared with group S,the expression of HSP70 in renal tissues was significantly up-regulated,and the MDA content in renal tissues was increased in t/R and SP groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group I/R,the expression of HSP70 in renal tissues was significantly up-regulated,and the MDA content in renal tissues was decreased in group SP (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which sevoflurane preconditioning reduces renal I/R injury is related to up-regulation of HSP70 expression in rats.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane preconditioning on renal ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury in rats.Methods Twenty-four adult male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=8 each):sham operation group (group S);I/R group; sevoflurane preconditioning group (group SP). After the rats underwent right nephrectomy, renal I/R was produced by occlusion of left renal artery for 45 min followed by reperfusion in I/R and SP groups.In group SP, the rats inhaled 2.2% sevoflurane for 1 h, then the inhalation was stopped and renal ischemia was performed 10 min later. Venous blood samples were collected at 2 h of reperfusion to determine the concentrations of serum creatinine(Cr), urea nitrogen (BUN), cystatin C (Cys C) . The renal tissues were obtained for microscopic examination, and Paller's score was recorded. Results Compared with group S, there was no significant difference in the serum Cr and BUN concentrations (P＞0.05), while the serum Cys C concentration and Paller's score for acute renal tubular injury were significantly increased in group I/R(P＜0.05). The serum Cys C concentration and Paller's score were significantly lower in group SP than in group I/R(P＜0.05).I/R-induced renal injury was significantly reduced in group SP compared with group I/R. Conclusion Preconditioning with sevoflurane can provide significant protection against renal I/R injury.